The fireweed is not only an eye-catcher in the garden, but also a useful plant and attraction for bees and insects.
The willowherb (Epilobium) belongs to the evening primrose family and is an umbrella term for numerous genera and species. Exactly how many there are is not entirely clear. It is estimated that there are around 200 different species. The species also develop hybrids among themselves. For the garden, the willowherb is popular above all because of its delicate beauty.
Origin and Homeland of the Willowherb
The origin of the willowherb can hardly be traced, there are several reasons for this. Due to the versatile species, the small plants appear everywhere with a different appearance. At the same time, they have been conquering forests and clearings for centuries. Willowherbs can be found all over the world today. They are also widespread in Europe. Among other things, the perennials can be found on bushes, but also on the edge of the forest, as well as on water bodies or on a rocky surface. It should always be remembered that the different species also have different demands on the soil and the environment. Information on location and care can therefore only be given in general terms.
Fireweed in the garden - the right location
The plants are very adaptable, but grow best in a spot that is sunny to partially shaded. The soil should be able to absorb and store moisture well, so it should ideally be sandy to loamy. The willowherb can also settle on a gravel floor. Willowherbs are hardy, they can withstand temperatures above -30°C.
| White willowherb (Epilobium angustifolium forma albiflorum) | |
|---|---|
| Growth: | stems erect, forms runners |
| Growth: | 60 - 150 cm |
| Growth: | 50 - 60 cm |
| Special Features: | very hardy, food source for many insects |
| Location: | Sun to partial shade |
| Floor: | dry to fresh, well-drained, low in nutrients, acidic/lime-free |
Fireweed - this is important when planting
Fireweed is best planted from March, if you have seeds you can plant them in September. Please keep in mind that the perennials need space because of their herbaceous growth - planting distance 50 cm. Other important aspects when planting:
- The soil should be moist and low in lime, stony subsoil is also possible.
- The location is sunny or in partial shade.
- Fireweed needs moderate moisture.
- The soil does not need to be fertilized, in the spring growth can be stimulated with compost.
- The plants are perennial and self-replicating well.
Fireweed as a useful plant
Fireweeds have different properties that make them useful plants. For example, the small hairs that are on the seeds were used centuries ago by the Indians to make blankets. Willowherbs are also used in the food sector. For example, the leaves of Epilobium angustifolium are often used in salads. This is also one of the reasons why willowherbs are often found in the herb garden. In addition, willowherbs are a magnet for bees. The honey that the bees make from the pollen has a pleasant sweetness and is considered particularly tasty.
Recognize diseases and pests on fireweed
Fireherbs are relatively susceptible when it comes to diseases and pests. Especially bacteria or fungi feel comfortable with the plants. An infestation with fungi can be recognized by the spots that form on the leaves. Precisely because willowherbs like it quite damp, they offer an optimal basis for the development of fungi. In order to be able to take action against the infestation, the plants should be ventilated regularly. Rust fungi are also more common on fireweed. If the first signs appear on the leaves, then it only helps to remove them. In this way it is still possible to prevent the disease from spreading to the other leaves.
Variety of Willowherb
There are now more than 200 different species of fireweed. Exactly how many there are is not certain. Since there are always crosses between the individual species, you might even be able to discover a willowherb in a very special design here and there. One of the most popular varieties, which are also used in the garden, is Epilobium angustifolium. They are also called wood fireweedknown and have a beautiful and strong pink color. The buds last all summer and are of impressive intensity and vibrancy.